Scorpion black light12/30/2023 The internal phylogeny of the scorpions has been debated, but genomic analysis consistently places the Bothriuridae as sister to a clade consisting of Scorpionoidea and Chactoidea. This 2019 cladogram summarizes: Chelicerata Scorpiones is sister to the Tetrapulmonata, a terrestrial group of pulmonates containing the spiders and whip scorpions. The extinct Eurypterida, sometimes called sea scorpions, though they were not all marine, are not scorpions their grasping pincers were chelicerae, not homologous with the pincers (second appendages) of scorpions. Arachnida is placed within the Chelicerata, a subphylum of Arthropoda that contains sea spiders and horseshoe crabs, alongside terrestrial animals without book lungs such as ticks and harvestmen. The Scorpiones are a clade within the pulmonate Arachnida (those with book lungs). The Triassic fossils Protochactas and Protobuthus belong to the modern clades Chactoidea and Buthoidea respectively, indicating that the crown group of modern scorpions had emerged by this time. Some Palaeozoic scorpions possessed compound eyes similar to those of eurypterids. Gondwanascorpio from the Devonian is among the earliest-known terrestrial animals on the Gondwana supercontinent. The oldest found as of 2021 is Dolichophonus loudonensis, which lived during the Silurian, in present-day Scotland. Over 100 fossil species of scorpion have been described. Whether the early scorpions were marine or terrestrial has been debated, though they had book lungs like modern terrestrial species. Scorpion fossils have been found in many strata, including marine Silurian and estuarine Devonian deposits, coal deposits from the Carboniferous Period and in amber. Palaeophonus nuncius, a Silurian fossil from Sweden A classical myth about Scorpius tells how the giant scorpion and its enemy Orion became constellations on opposite sides of the sky. Scorpius is the name of a constellation the corresponding astrological sign is Scorpio. Scorpion motifs are woven into kilim carpets for protection from their sting. ![]() Scorpions appear in art, folklore, mythology, and commercial brands. About 25 species (fewer than one percent) have venom capable of killing a human, which happens frequently in the parts of the world where they live, primarily where access to medical treatment is unlikely. ![]() The vast majority of species do not seriously threaten humans, and healthy adults usually do not need medical treatment after a sting. The exoskeleton contains fluorescent chemicals and glows under ultraviolet light. All known species give live birth and the female cares for the young as their exoskeletons harden, transporting them on her back. ![]() During courtship, the male and female grasp each other's pincers and dance while he tries to move her onto his sperm packet. The venomous sting is used for offense and defense. They use their pincers to restrain and kill prey, or to prevent their own predation. Scorpions primarily prey on insects and other invertebrates, but some species hunt vertebrates. Their taxonomy is being revised to account for 21st-century genomic studies. There are over 2,500 described species, with 22 extant (living) families recognized to date. They mainly live in deserts but have adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions, and can be found on all continents except Antarctica. The evolutionary history of scorpions goes back 435 million years. They have eight legs, and are easily recognized by a pair of grasping pincers and a narrow, segmented tail, often carried in a characteristic forward curve over the back and always ending with a stinger. Scorpions are predatory arachnids of the order Scorpiones. Hottentotta tamulus, the Indian red scorpion
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